Keeping water high off the ground plays another important role for a city infrastructure. It allows regions to use smaller water pumps. In general, water demand for a city fluctuates throughout the day.
Lots of folks are taking showers before work and school, but fewer people are running a lot of water at 3 a. Without a water tower, the municipality would have to buy a water pump big and powerful enough to keep up with peak demand in the mornings, which would then largely go to waste during less busy parts of the day for water usage plus incur extra costs.
When water demand goes down at night, the pump can replace the water in the tower. The Louisville Water Tower in Kentucky, built in , is the oldest surviving water tower in the country, and it's still in use. Data 5 , McDowell, G. Adaptation action and research in glaciated mountain systems: Are they enough to meet the challenge of climate change?
Change 54 , 19—30 Conway, D. The need for bottom-up assessments of climate risks and adaptation in climate-sensitive regions. Download references. Farinotti for providing the data on glacier volume, and to N. Wanders for providing precipitation datasets used in the uncertainty analysis. Immerzeel, A. Bahl, S. Hyde, S. Brumby, A. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. E contributed to the design of the index and analysis methods.
All authors contributed to developing the theory and conception of the study by providing regional M. All authors discussed and provided feedback on the manuscript.
The study was initiated by J. Correspondence to W. Immerzeel or A. The example shows two hydrological basins in North America: the Great Basin red outline and California blue outline. The striped areas indicate two mountain ranges: the Sierra Nevada and the Cascade Range. The intersection of the hydrological basins and the mountain ranges defines the WTUs dark colours.
For example, the Great Basin WTU is defined as the portion of the Sierra Nevada that is part of the Great Basin hydrological basin dark red , and the California WTU is defined as the portion of the Sierra Nevada that is part of the California hydrological basin as well as a portion of the Cascade Range that is part of the California hydrological basin dark blue.
Background colour gradient indicates water tower importance that is, darker shades represent higher SI and DI values. Position change in ranking of WTUs by WTI resulting from uncertainty in the weights of individual indicators red , expressed as a percentage of 10, realizations of the WTI index calculation.
Excel table presenting an overview of all values for the supply indicators and subindicators, supply index, demand indicators, demand index, and Water Tower Index, for each Water Tower Unit.
Explanations of all variables are provided in Methods and Extended Data Tables 3, 4. Excel table presenting an overview of all values of vulnerability and future change indicators for each Water Tower Unit. Explanations of all variables are provided in Methods.
Reprints and Permissions. Download citation. Received : 27 May Accepted : 11 November Published : 09 December Issue Date : 16 January Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Microbiome Nature Communications Nature Climate Change By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines.
If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Subjects Climate sciences Hydrology Natural hazards. Abstract Mountains are the water towers of the world, supplying a substantial part of both natural and anthropogenic water demands 1 , 2.
Access through your institution. Buy or subscribe. Rent or Buy article Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube. Data availability The data generated to support the findings of this study are available in an online data repository at zenodo. References 1. Google Scholar 2. ADS Google Scholar 4. ADS Google Scholar 6. Google Scholar 7. ADS Google Scholar 9. Google Scholar ADS Google Scholar CAS Google Scholar Author information Author notes These authors contributed equally: W.
Nepal, A. Xiao Authors W. Immerzeel View author publications. View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Extended data figures and tables. Extended Data Fig. Supplementary information Supplementary Table 1 Indicator and Water Tower Index values Excel table presenting an overview of all values for the supply indicators and subindicators, supply index, demand indicators, demand index, and Water Tower Index, for each Water Tower Unit.
Supplementary Table 2 Vulnerabilities Excel table presenting an overview of all values of vulnerability and future change indicators for each Water Tower Unit. Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions. First, it allows for centralization of pumping and pressurization, and decreases the number of pumping stations needed in the vicinity of the water tower.
Second, it allows Henderson Water Utility to pump water up to the tower during off-peak energy times to decrease the expense of running the pumps. How a water tower works: 1. Pump station — 2.
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